THE DEGREE AND CHARACTER OF THE HETEROSIS EFFECTS IN THE CORN SELECTION BY GRAIN QUALITY INDICATORS

Article language

українська

Print date

27.09.22

Date posted online

07.12.2022

Institution

National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine

Bibliography

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Section

SOURCES AND DONORS

Abstract

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Aim. One of the most successful examples of the heterosis phenomenon using is the widespread use of maize hybrids, which are important for food security in Ukraine. In order to recommend the production of new, high−quality maize hybrids, it is necessary to assess the degree of inheritance and the nature of the effects of heterosis on the content of protein, starch, oil and yield.

Results and Discussion. To achieve the set goal, we used the classic methods of field research in the field of selection and methods of qualifying examination of plant varieties for suitability for distribution in Ukraine. The content of protein, starch and oil in the grain was determined using the device FOSS "Infratec 1241 Grain Analyzer", the degree of manifestation of the effects of heterosis was calculated according to the methods of D.S. Omarova. As a result of a series of tester crosses, 65 experimental maize hybrids were obtained, the maternal forms of which were inbred lines VK13, VK69, AE801 and AE392 − carriers of mutant genes of endosperm structure wx and ae, respectively. For the first time, inbred lines such as СО255, АК159, АК157, G255, FV243 and HLG1203 were used as parental components to obtain hybrids with high grain quality indicators. According to the results of research in 2020−2021, it was found that the most rational selection of parent pairs in terms of grain quality is the selection of starch content in grain, as the influence of parental forms on this basis was more than 50%, stable in research years.

Conclusion. Hybrids VK13xUHK678 and VK13xUHK686 are characterized by a consistently high manifestation of the effects of heterosis in the set of indicators. According to the content of starch in the grain, the dominance of the parent form with a higher value of the manifestation of the trait was found in hybrids VK13xUHK678, VK13xUHK686, VK19xFV243, AE801xVK32; by grain content of oil: ВК13хУХК678, ВК13хУХК686, ВК13хВК37, АЕ392хСО255, АЕ392хХЛГ1203 and АЕ392хАК157. Inbred lines of corn are singled out, which should be used as parental components in the creation of maize heterosis hybrids: HLG1203, CO255, AK159 and AK157.

Keywords

corn, heterosis, hybrid, protein, starch, oil