SYNTHETIC FORMS – SOURCES OF WHEAT DROUGHT RESISTANCE IN GERMINATION PHASE

Article language

українська

Print date

23.12.2025

Date posted online

19.03.2026

Institution

Yuryev Plant Production Institute of NAAS

Bibliography

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Section

SOURCES AND DONORS

Abstract

Aim. To compare tolerance to water deficit during the germination phase in synthetic wheat forms by evaluating them in an osmotic solution and to select the most tolerant accessions.

Results and Discussion. Drought tolerance during the germination phase was assessed for 35 synthetic wheat accessions from the collection of the National Plant Gene Bank of Ukraine in comparison with five common and durum wheat cultivars using a PEG 6000 osmotic solution. The following traits were analyzed: germination rate, number and length of primary roots, sprout length on germination days 3 and 7, as well as the fresh and dry weights of sprouts and roots. The criterion for drought tolerance was the absence or minimal deviation of each trait's value in the osmotic solution compared to the distilled water control. The optimal PEG 6000 concentration was determined to be 15%. Among the traits characterizing seedling drought tolerance, germination rate and the number of roots on day 7 were the most informative. Of the tested cultivars, durum winter wheat cv. ‘Kontynent’ was the most drought-tolerant, while the durum spring wheat cv. ‘Spadshchyna’ was significantly less tolerant. Among the synthetics, the most drought-tolerant accessions were UA0500044, UA0500064, and IU070452, which equaled or exceeded the control cv. ‘Kontynent’. These accessions are promising sources for breeding for drought tolerance.

Conclusions. The most informative indicators of seedling drought tolerance were determined to be germination rate and root number on germination day 7. Less informative traits included root length on days 3 and 7, root number on day 3, sprout length on day 3, and fresh weights of roots and sprouts. Durum winter wheat cv. ‘Kontynent’ proved to be the most drought-tolerant, while durum spring wheat cv. ‘Spadshchyna’ was significantly less resistant. The synthetic forms ‘PAG 7’ (UA050004’), UA050006, and IU070452 demonstrated high drought tolerance and are recommended as promising sources of this trait for breeding.

Keywords

synthetic wheat forms, drought resistance, seedlings, osmotic solution, PEG 6000.