ADAPTIBILITY OF ACCESSIONS FROM A SPRING BREAD WHEAT COLLECTION TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE EASTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

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Date posted online

18.12.2015

Institution

Plant Production Institute nd. a. V.Ya. Yuryev of NAAS

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Abstract

Goal. To identify spring bread wheat accessions that are adaptive and stable in terms of yield capacity and 1000-grain weight in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine from the collection of National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.

            Results and Discussion. More than 1,400 spring bread wheat accessions, the vast majority of which originated from Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Czech Republic, Poland and Mexico, were investigated in 2011-2013. Of them, 42 were selected due to good filling of grain and high yield capacity, which on average for the three years was 1.77-3.65 t / ha. The study also included accessions-standards with different levels of expression of valuable economic traits. Variety ‘Saratovskaya 42’ is the standard of very high filling of grain; v. ‘Saratovskaya 29’ is the standard of medium resistance to powdery mildew; v. ‘Sunnan’ is the standard of high resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust, high ear density and late ripeness; v. ‘Voronezhskaya 6’ of the standard of tall stems and medium resistance to brown leaf rust; v. ‘Kharkovskaya 26’ is the national standard and the standard of high yield capacity.

            The studies identified varieties with yield capacity from 3.25 t / ha to 3.32 t / ha: ‘Tomiris’ (3.25 t / ha); ‘Zuzuka’, ‘Zhenis’ (3.27 t / ha); ‘TV 92’ (3.28 t / ha); ‘TV 94’ ‘Eritrospermum 09-20’ (3.33 t / ha); ‘TV 98’, ‘Voronezhskaya 6’ (3.35 t / ha). Varieties, which under optimal weather conditions or with increased soil fertility are able to produce a significant gain in yield, outstand with a wide environmental response; these are accessions with the yield regression coefficient of > 1 (bi = 1.23- 2.04): ‘Bel’ (Sd = 0.72), ‘Erythrospermum 09-20’ (Sd = 0.37), ‘Zuzuka’ (Sd = 0.09), ‘Lutescens 07-31’ (Sd = 0.06), ‘Podarok’ (Sd = 0.13), ‘Simkoda Mironovskaya’ (Sd = 0.11), ‘Lutescens 23528’ (Sd = 0.15), ‘Erythrospermum 10-18’ (Sd = 0.20), ‘Lutescens 06-07’ (Sd = 0.13), ‘Lutescens 08-29’ (Sd = 0.21), ‘Lutescens 10-31’ (Sd = 0.11).

            Conclusions. As a result of determination of environmental plasticity parameters, accessions with high adaptability and ability to give stable yields under changing weather conditions were found: ‘CH Matro’ (Switzerland), ‘Voronezhskaya 6’, “Saratovskaya 42’ (Russia), ‘Alem’, ‘Tomiris’ (Kazakhstan) with the yield regression coefficient bi = 1.03-1.08 and stability value Sd = 0.02-0.12. These varieties gave stable yields throughout the study years, regardless of weather fluctuations, that is, their adaptive features are homeostatic. This proves the feasibility of using these accessions in breeding for increase in the adaptive potential of new varieties combining in their genotypes resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions with traits of moderate (intermediate) response to improved cultivation conditions.

Keywords

spring bread wheat, collection accession, yield capacity, adaptability